Transformer for hydraulic machines



. T. R. MORGANST.

TRANSFORMEB. POR HYDRAULIC MACHINES.

No. 565,014. Patented Aug. 4, 1896.

UNITED STATES .PATENT4 Fries.

'ri-IOMAs R. MORGAN, sR., on ALLIANCE, onio.

TRANSFORMER FOR HYDRAULIC MAGHlNES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 565,014, dated August 4, 1896.

Application led November 27, 1894. Serial No. 530,137. (No modelJ T0 @ZZ whom t may concer/t:

Be it known that I, THOMAS R. MORGAN, Sr., of Alliance, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Transformers for Hydraulic Machines; and l do hereby declare the followin g to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in devices for varying the pressure of the water supplied for 4actuating hydraulic machines.

l-Ieretofore the water supplied to hydraulic machines has been conveyed from the accumulator to the machine at accumulator pressure, and as practically all machines are constructed for light as well as heavy work it follows that when the machine is on light work the same power is not required as for heavier wor e. Hence the excess of power over and above the power actually required for the work is wasted.

My devices are designed to be interposed between the accumulator and the machine actuated by the water for varying the pressure of water taken from the accumulator, whereby water at or above or below accumulator pressure may be supplied to the machine7 thus effecting' a saving in water and consequently power; and it consists in the parts and combinations of parts, as will be more fully described,and pointed out in the claims.

The accompanying drawing is a diagrammatic view in section of the several parts constituting the invention.

A represents an operating-valve, B a pressure-changing valve, and C the double-cylinder ram, which I have termed a transformer.

The valve A is of the construction ordinarily employed'in hydraulic machinery and is connected by pipe a with an accumulator and provided with a pipe a', leading to the pressure-changing valve B, and with an exhaustpipe ci, through which the water is discharged after having passed through the machine. This valve A consists of a casing having a central bore and four annular chambers surrounding' the bore and communicating therewith, one of said chambers being in communication with supply-pipe u., two with pipe d',

and one with exhaust-pipe d?. Located within the bore is a lougitudinally-movable stem having a series of spool-like sleeves or distancepieces a4, a5, a, and al thereon, each sleeve being of sufiicient length to overlap the openings of two adjacent chambers, thus establishing communication between said chambers. Cup-leather paclrings are inserted between the several sleeves for preventing the water from passing` the joint.

Then the parts are in the position shown in the drawing, water can neither iiow to nor from the machine.'

By raising the stein until the stop-nut di strikes the casino ackino d!I will have been carried above the annular chamber di, thereby allowing the 'water to flow 'from the accumulator through pipe a, annular chamber d" into the annular space d8, and from thence into chamber d5 to pipe a. By reversing the movementto the position indicated in the drawing the supply of water from the accumulator is cut O. By continuing the downward movement of the stein until the positive stop d10 at the upper end of the stem strikes the cylinder, the packing@s will have descended below the annular chamber d?, thereby allowing the water from the machine to exhaust through the chamber di, into chamber d, into exhaust-pipe a2. This valve is of the construction ordinarily employed on hydraulic machinery and its function is simply to regulate the supply of water at accumulator pressure to the parts to be now described, which are employed for varying the pressure. The water as it leaves this valve passes through pipe d to the pressure-changing valve B. This valve consists of a casing having a coupling-stem b, to which inlet-pipe c is coupled. Coupling-stem b is in direct communication with the annular chamber bi", which latter, with the chambers b3 and b4, surrounds the central bore of the valve and communicates therewith. Located within the central bore 0f the valve is the stem B', which latter is hollow throughout its length and is connected at its upper end to the arm b5 on the valve-operating shaft bs. The upper end of the bore of the valve is covered by a watertight cap B7, the arm h5 being located Within the cap. The stem B is provided with the cup-shaped packing hs, b9, and bl, and the ICO stem immediately between packing b9 and blo is reduced in size to permit the water to pass from one annular chamber to another.

Interposed between packings b9 and 68 is a ring B2, provided with an opening or series of openings, and the portion of the stem immediately within the ring B2 is also provided with an opening or openings. Hence it will be seen that when the valve-stem is in the position shown in the drawing water direct from the accumulator can pass through coupling-stem b into annular chamber b2, through ring B2 into stem B', and from thencedownward into pipe B3, leading` to the machine, thus supplying the machine with Water at accumulator pressure.

Before describing the movements of the valve for varying the pressure I will describe what I have termed the transformer. This transformer C consists of two cylinders C C2, suitably mounted and braced, with their open ends facing and in line with each other. Cylinder C has a bore smaller in diameter than the bore of cylinder C2, and each is provided with an yinlet-pipe c', having an upwardlyclosing check valve c2. Cylinder C' communicates with the chamber b3 of valve B by pipe C3, while cylinder C2 communicates with chamber b4 of valve B by pipe C4.

C5 is the double plunger, the larger end of which fits cylinder C2, while the smaller end fits cylinder C.

From the foregoing it will be seen that with the parts in the position shown in the draw` ing if valve-stem be moved upwardly until packing blo rested below the horizontal opening in chamber b4, packing b9 would be above the opening in chamber b2 and water from the accumulator would pass from chamber b2 into chamber b4, and from thence through pipe C4 into cylinder C2, and exert its pressure against the larger end of the plunger. Cylinder C has in the meantime been lled with water taken from any source through pipe c', and the plunger which is forced t0- ward cylinder C subjects the water therein to a pressure in excess of accumulator pressure and forces same out through pipe CE into chamber bin valve B. From thence it passes upwardly alongside of the stem into cap b", and from thence down through the stem into pipe B3, which, as before stated, leads to the machine. With the water from the accumulator passing into the larger cylinder the water as it leaves the smaller cylinder is under greater pressure than the water from the accumulator.

Valve B remains in the position last de` scribed as long as the high pressure is required, the supply being controlled and the machine operated by valve A. After the machine has performed its work or finished its stroke, valve Ais shifted to exhaust the wa ter from cylinder C2, the exhaust water passing through pipe a to valve A.

Vhen a reduced pressure of a pressure less than accumulator pressure is sufficient for the work to be performed, valve-stem B is moved downwardly until packing 198 is' below the opening in chamber b2. per portion of the reduced section e or valvestem B just above the opening in chamber b3. This permits the water from the accumulator to pass from chamber b2 into chamber b3, through pipe C3 into cylinder C. Cylinder C2 has in the meantime been lled with water from any source of supply and as the plunger moves toward cylinder C2 the water therein is subjected to pressure and forced through pipe C'L into chamber b4. Packing Z910 is now below the bore of the valve B, and the water has a free passage from chamber b4 to pipe B3 and from thence to the machine.

To restore plunger C5 to its central or normal position, I have provided-each cylinder with a push-back D, which is in effect a plunger. These push-backs are mounted in the cylinders D', which latter are attached to the heads of the cylinders C C2, and each is supplied with water by a pipe D2, leading from the accumulator. The heads of the pushbacks are slightly enlarged, and at their limit of outward stroke engage the heads of cylinders D. The pressure on either end of the plunger is of course suflicient to force the push-back at the other end into its cylinder, but as the pressure against the push-backs is constant as soon as the pressure in the cylinders C' C2 is relieved the push-backs restore the plunger to its central position and hold it there.

By the above arrangement and construction of parts I am enabled to operate a machine, ksuch as a hanging-press, shears, and the like, with water direct from the accumulator and at the accumulator pressure, or by means of the water from the accumulator can subject water to a pressure above or below accumulator pressure, thus enabling me to supply water at or near the pressure required for the work, and thus effect not only a saving of water but a material saving of power.

If desired, a second transformer can be added receiving varying pressures from the first transformer, thus giving nine varying pressures, and so on indenitely.

It is evident that many slight changes might be resorted to without departing from the relative arrangement of parts herein shown and described. -IIenceIwould have it understood that I do not care to coniine myself to the exact construction of parts shown and described; but,

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an apparatus operated by hydraulic pressure, the combination with a pipe for supplying water under pressure, a pipe leading to a machine, and a transformer consisting of two cylinders of different sizes and a plunger for each, the plungers being connected, of an operating-valve connected to the supply-pipe, and a single-pressure changing-valve having This brings the up- ICO IZO

a hollow stem and a series of ports whereby the water can be passed through the valve direct to the machine or to either cylinder of the transformer, the construction being such that when one port of the pressure-chan ging valve is open to one of the cylinders of the transformer, a port communicating with the other cylinder is open to the pipe leading to the machine, substantially as set forth.

2. In an apparatus operated by hydraulic pressure, the combination with a pipe for supplying water under pressure, a pipe leading to amachine, an exhaust-pipe and a pressurechanging device consisting of two cylinders of different sizes and a plunger for each, the said plungers being connected, of an operating-valve connected with the supply and exhaust pipes, and a pressure-changing valve having a hollow stem and a series of ports whereby the water can be passed through the valve direct to the machine or to either cylinder of the transformer, the construction being such that when one port of the pressurechanging valve is open to one of the cylinders of the pressure-changing device a port communicating with the other cylinder is open to the pipe leading to the machine, substantially as set forth.

3. In an apparatus operated by Water under pressure the combination with a pipe for supplying water under pressure, of a doublecylinder ram, the cylinders being of different diameters, a pushback in each cylinder for centering the plunger, a valve having a series of ports and a hollow stein, a pipe connecting each cylinder with the valve, a Water supply for each cylinder, and a pipe leading from the valve to the machine to be actuated all of said parts designed to operate substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS R.' MORGAN, SR..

lVitnesses:

W. C. LLOYD, E. WOOLGAR. 

